Arithmetic operators in Python are used to perform basic mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and more. The primary arithmetic operators include +, -, , /, //, %, and *.
a = 10
b = 3
# Addition
print(a + b) # Output: 13
# Subtraction
print(a - b) # Output: 7
# Multiplication
print(a * b) # Output: 30
# Division
print(a / b) # Output: 3.3333333333333335
# Floor Division
print(a // b) # Output: 3
# Modulus
print(a % b) # Output: 1
# Exponentiation
print(a ** b) # Output: 1000
Comparison operators in Python are used to compare two values and return a Boolean result (True or False). The primary comparison operators include ==, !=, <, >, <=, and >=.
a = 10
b = 3
# Equal to
print(a == b) # Output: False
# Not equal to
print(a != b) # Output: True
# Less than
print(a < b) # Output: False
# Greater than
print(a > b) # Output: True
# Less than or equal to
print(a <= b) # Output: False
# Greater than or equal to
print(a >= b) # Output: True
Logical operators in Python are used to combine conditional statements and return Boolean results (True or False). The primary logical operators are and, or, and not.
a = True
b = False
# Logical AND
print(a and b) # Output: False
# Logical OR
print(a or b) # Output: True
# Logical NOT
print(not a) # Output: False
Bitwise operators in Python are used to perform bit-level operations on integer values. The primary bitwise operators include &, |, ^, ~, <<, and >>.
a = 10 # Binary: 1010
b = 3 # Binary: 0011
# Bitwise AND
print(a & b) # Output: 2 (Binary: 0010)
# Bitwise OR
print(a | b) # Output: 11 (Binary: 1011)
# Bitwise XOR
print(a ^ b) # Output: 9 (Binary: 1001)
# Bitwise NOT
print(~a) # Output: -11 (Binary: ...11110101, two's complement representation)
# Bitwise left shift
print(a << 1) # Output: 20 (Binary: 10100)
# Bitwise right shift
print(a >> 1) # Output: 5 (Binary: 0101)
Assignment operators in Python are used to assign values to variables and can also perform operations before the assignment. The primary assignment operators include =, +=, -=, =, /=, %=, //=, *=, &=, |=, ^=, <<=, and >>=.
a = 10
b = 3
# Simple assignment
a = b # a is now 3
# Add and assign
a += b # a is now 6 (3 + 3)
# Subtract and assign
a -= b # a is now 3 (6 - 3)
# Multiply and assign
a *= b # a is now 9 (3 * 3)
# Divide and assign
a /= b # a is now 3.0 (9 / 3)
# Modulus and assign
a %= b # a is now 0.0 (3.0 % 3)
# Floor division and assign
a = 10 # reset a to 10
a //= b # a is now 3 (10 // 3)
# Exponentiation and assign
a **= b # a is now 27 (3 ** 3)
# Bitwise AND and assign
a &= b # a is now 3 (27 & 3)
# Bitwise OR and assign
a |= b # a is now 3 (3 | 3)
# Bitwise XOR and assign
a ^= b # a is now 0 (3 ^ 3)
# Bitwise left shift and assign
a = 10 # reset a to 10
a <<= b # a is now 80 (10 << 3)
# Bitwise right shift and assign
a >>= b # a is now 10 (80 >> 3)