int is the default integer type in C. It is a signed integer type that can represent whole numbers. The size of int is implementation-defined, which means that it can vary depending on the platform and compiler you are using. However, it is typically 4 bytes on most modern systems.

The range of values for a standard int on a 32-bit system is from -2147483648 to 2147483647. This is because a 32-bit int uses 32 bits to represent signed integers, which allows it to store values in the range of -2^31 to 2^31-1. The maximum value is one less than the minimum value because 0 is included in the range of positive values.

The short keyword is used to define a short integer type in C. A short integer typically uses fewer bits than a standard int to represent values, which allows it to store a smaller range of values. The exact number of bits used by a short integer can vary depending on the system and compiler, but it is typically less than the 32 bits used by a standard int.

The typical range of values for a short int on a 32-bit system is from -32768 to 32767. This is because a short int typically uses 16 bits to represent signed integers, which allows it to store values in the range of -2^15 to 2^15-1. The maximum value is one less than the minimum value because 0 is included in the range of positive values. The exact range of values for a short int can vary depending on the system and compiler, but this is the typical range for a 16-bit short int on a 32-bit system.

To declare an unsigned integer in C, you use the unsigned keyword before the integer type. For example, to declare an unsigned integer variable named x, you would write:

unsigned int x;

0 to 4,294,967,295

long

-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (same as int on a 32-bit system)

long long

-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807

unsigned long long

0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615

%d or %i

%u

%ld

%lld

%llu

Using the const keyword, e.g., const int x = 10;

It determines the number of bytes allocated for a data type or variable, e.g., sizeof(int)

int x = 5;